Aluminum is the third most common element, comprising 8% of the earth’s crust, and is the most widely used metal after steel due to its versatility. The energy efficiency of recycling aluminum is notable, requiring only 5% of the energy needed to produce new aluminum. Pure aluminum is soft, ductile, corrosion-resistant, and has high electrical conductivity, making it ideal for foil and conductor cables.
Alloying with other elements enhances its strength for broader applications, ranging from structural materials to packaging foils. Aluminum alloys, primarily mixtures of aluminum and metals like manganese, copper, zinc, and magnesium, are designed to improve specific properties such as machinability, corrosion resistance, and strength.
Worldwide demand for aluminum has grown to around 29 million tons per year, with 22 million tons being new aluminum and 7 million tons recycled.These alloys are extensively used in various industries, including consumer goods, automotive, aerospace, and construction, due to their light weight, strength, and adaptability.
BS1490:1970 | IS617:1959 | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Zn | Ni | Ti | Pb | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LM0 | A0 | 0.30 Max | 0.40 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.07 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.03 Max | BAL | |
LM1 | A1 | 2.0-4.0 | 1.0 Max | 6.0-8.0 | 0.60 Max | 0.15 Max | 2.0-4.0 | 0.50 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.03 Max | BAL |
LM2 | A2 | 9.0-11.5 | 1.0 Max | 0.70-2.50 | 0.50 Max | 0.30 Max | 2.0 Max | 0.50 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.03 Max | BAL |
LM3 | A3 | 1.30 Max | 1.0 Max | 2.50-4.50 | 0.50 Max | 0.10 Max | 9.0-13.0 | 0.50 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.03 Max | BAL |
LM4 | A4 | 4.0-6.0 | 0.80 Max | 2.00-4.00 | 0.2-0.6 | 0.15 Max | 0.50 Max | 0.30 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
LM5 | A5 | 0.30 Max | 0.60 max | 0.10 Max | 0.3-0.7 | 3.0-6.0 | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
LM6 | A6 | 10.0-13.0 | 0.60 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.50 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
LM7 | A7 | 1.5-3.5 | 0.3-0.4 | 1.0-2.50 | 0.10 Max | 0.05-0.2 | 0.10 Max | 0.50-1.70 | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
LM8 | A8 | 3.5-6.0 | 0.60 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.50 Max | 0.3-0.8 | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
LM9 | A9 | 10.0-13.0 | 0.60 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.3-07 | 0.2-0.6 | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
LM10 | A10 | 0.25 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 9.5-11.0 | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
LM11 | A11 | 0.25 Max | 0.25 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
LM12 | A12 | 2.50 Max | 1.00 Max | 9.0-11.0 | 0.60 Max | 0.2-0.4 | 0.80 Max | 0.50 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
LM13 | A13 | 10.0-13.0 | 1.00 Max | 0.70-1.50 | 0.50 Max | 0.8-1.50 | 0.50 Max | 1.50 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
LM14 | A14 | 0.60 Max | 0.60 Max | 3.5-4.5 | 0.60 Max | 1.2-1.7 | 0.10 Max | 1.8-2.3 | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
LM15 | A15 | 0.60-2.00 | 0.80-1.40 | 0.3-3.0 | 0.10 Max | 0.5-1.7 | 0.10 Max | 0.5-2.0 | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
LM16 | A16 | 4.50-6.00 | 0.60 Max | 1.0-1.5 | 0.50 Max | 0.4-0.6 | 0.10 Max | 0.25 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
LM18 | A18 | 4.5-6.0 | 0.60 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.50 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
LM20 | - | 10.0-13.0 | 1.0 Max | 0.40 Max | 0.5 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.1 Max | BAL |
LM21 | - | 5.0-7.0 | 1.0 Max | 3.0-5.0 | 0.2-0.6 | 0.1-0.3 | 2.0 max | 0.3 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.2 Max | BAL |
LM22 | A22 | 4.0-6.0 | 0.60 Max | 2.8-3.8 | 0.2-0.6 | 0.05 Max | 0.15 max | 0.15 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.1 Max | BAL |
LM23 | - | 1.2-2.8 | 0.8-1.4 | 0.8-2.0 | 0.1 Max | 0.05-0.2 | 0.10 Max | 0.8-1.7 | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
LM24 | A24 | 7.5-9.5 | 1.3 Max | 3.0-4.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.30 Max | 3.0 max | 0.1 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.3 Max | BAL |
LM25 | A25 | 6.5-7.5 | 0.5 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.3 Max | 0.2-0.45 | 0.1 Max | 1.0 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.1 Max | BAL |
LM26 | A26 | 8.5-10.5 | 1.2 Max | 2.0-4.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.5-1.5 | 1.0 Max | 0.3 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.2 Max | BAL |
LM27 | A27 | 6.0-8.0 | 0.8 Max | 1.5-2.5 | 0.2-0.6 | 0.3 Max | 1.0 Max | 0.8-1.5 | 0.2 Max | 0.2 Max | BAL |
LM28 | A28 | 17.0-20.0 | 0.7 Max | 1.3-1.8 | 0.6 Max | 0.8-1.5 | 0.2 Max | - | 0.2 Max | 0.1 Max | BAL |
LM29 | A29 | 22.0-25.0 | 0.7 Max | 0.8-1.3 | 0.6 Max | 0.8-1.3 | 0.2 Max | 0.8-1.3 | 0.2 Max | 0.1 Max | BAL |
LM30 | A30 | 16.0-18.0 | 1.1 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.3 max | 0.4-0.7 | 0.2 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.1 Max | BAL |
ALSI-62 | - | 5.5-7.0 | 0.4 Max | 1.8-2.5 | 0.2-0.6 | 0.3-0.7 | - | - | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
ALSI-132 | - | 11.0-12.5 | 1.0 Max | 1.75-2.5 | 0.5 Max | 0.3 Max | 1.4 Max | 0.3 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | BAL |
Alloy | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Zn | Ni | Ti | Pb | Sn | Cr | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADC1 | 11.0-13.0 | 0.9 Max | 1.0 Max | 0.3 Max | 0.3 Max | 0.5 Max | 0.5 Max | - | - | 0.1 Max | - | BAL |
ADC3 | 9.0-10.0 | 0.9 Max | 0.6 Max | 0.3 Max | 0.4-0.6 | 0.5 Max | 0.5 Max | - | - | 0.1 Max | - | BAL |
ADC5 | 0.3 Max | 1.1 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.3 max | 4.1-8.5 | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | - | - | 0.1 Max | - | BAL |
ADC6 | 1.0 Max | 0.8 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.4-0.6 | 2.6-4.0 | 0.4 Max | 0.1 Max | - | - | 0.1 Max | - | BAL |
ADC10 | 7.5-9.5 | 0.9 Max | 2.0-4.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.3 Max | 1.0 Max | 0.5 Max | - | - | 0.3 Max | - | BAL |
ADC12 | 9.6-12.0 | 1.3 Max | 1.5-3.5 | 0.5 Max | 0.3 Max | 1.0 Max | 0.5 Max | - | - | 0.3 Max | - | BAL |
ADC14 | 16.0-18.0 | 0.9 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.5-0.65 | 1.5 Max | 0.3 Max | - | - | 0.3 Max | - | BAL |
AC1A | 1.20 Max | 0.50 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.30 Max | 0.15 Max | 0.30 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.25 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
AC1B | 0.02 Max | 0.35 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.10 Max | 0.15-0.35 | 0.10 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05-0.30 | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
AC2A | 4.0-6.0 | 0.80 Max | 3.0-4.5 | 0.55 Max | 0.25 Max | 0.55 Max | 0.30 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.15 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.15 Max | BAL |
AC2B | 5.0-7.0 | 1.00 Max | 2.0-4.0 | 0.50 Max | 0.50 Max | 1.00 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.20 Max | BAL |
AC3A | 10.0-13.0 | 0.80 Max | 0.25 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.15 Max | 0.30 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.15 Max | BAL |
AC4A | 8.0-10.0 | 0.55 Max | 0.25 Max | 0.3-0.6 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.25 max | 0.10 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.15 Max | BAL |
AC4B | 7.0-10.0 | 1.00 Max | 2.0-4.0 | 0.50 Max | 0.50 Max | 1.00 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.20 Max | BAL |
AC4C | 6.5-7.5 | 0.55 Max | 0.25 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.25-0.45 | 0.35 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.55 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
AC4CH | 6.5-7.5 | 0.20 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.20-0.40 | 0.10 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | BAL |
AC4D | 4.5-5.5 | 0.60 Max | 1.0-1.5 | 0.50 Max | 0.4-0.6 | 0.30 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.15 Max | BAL |
AC5A | 0.60 Max | 0.80 Max | 3.5-4.5 | 0.35 Max | 1.2-1.8 | 0.15 Max | 1.7-2.3 | 0.20 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.15 Max | BAL |
AC7A | 0.20 Max | 0.30 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.60 Max | 3.5-5.5 | 0.15 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.15 Max | BAL |
AC7B | 0.20 Max | 0.30 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 9.5-11.0 | 0.10 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.15 Max | BAL |
AC8A | 11.00-13.0 | 0.80 Max | 0.8-1.3 | 0.15 Max | 0.7-1.3 | 0.15 Max | 0.8-1.5 | 0.20 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
AC8B | 8.5-10-5 | 1.00 Max | 2.0-4.0 | 0.50 Max | 0.50-1.5 | 0.50 Max | 0.10-1.0 | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
AC8C | 8.5-10.5 | 1.00 Max | 2.0-4.0 | 0.50 Max | 0.50-1.6 | 0.50 Max | 0.50 Max | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
AC9A | 22.0-24.0 | 0.80 Max | 0.50-1.5 | 0.50 Max | 0.50-1.7 | 0.20 Max | 0.50-1.5 | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
AC9B | 18.2 | 0.80 Max | 0.50-1.6 | 0.50 Max | 0.50-1.8 | 0.20 Max | 0.50-1.0 | 0.20 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | 0.10 Max | BAL |
ANSI | UNS | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Zn | Ni | Ti | Pb | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
201.2 | A02012 | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 4.0-5.2 | 0.2-0.5 | 0.2-0.55 | - | - | - | - | BAL |
204.2 | A02042 | 0.15 Max | 0.1-0.2 | 4.2-4.9 | 0.05 Max | 0.2-0.35 | 0.05 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.15-0.35 | - | BAL |
208.1 | A020B1 | 2.5-3.5 | 0.9 Max | 3.5-4.5 | 0.5 Max | 0.1 Max | 1.0 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.15-0.25 | - | BAL |
208.2 | A020B2 | 2.5-3.5 | 0.8 Max | 3.5-4.6 | 0.3 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.2 Max | - | 0.25 Max | - | BAL |
222.1 | A02221 | 2.0 Max | 1.2 Max | 9.2-10.7 | 0.5 Max | 0.2-0.35 | 0.8 Max | 0.5 Max | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
241.1 | A02421 | 0.7 Max | 0.8 Max | 3.5-4.5 | 0.35 Max | 1.3-1.8 | 0.35 Max | 1.7-2.3 | 0.25 Max | 0.25 Max | BAL |
242.2 | A02422 | 0.6 Max | 0.6 Max | 3.5-4.5 | 0.1 Max | 1.3-1.8 | 0.1 Max | 1.7-2.3 | 0.25 Max | - | BAL |
A242.1 | A12421 | 0.6 Max | 0.6 Max | 3.7-4.5 | 0.1 Max | 1.3-1.7 | 0.1 Max | 1.8-2.3 | 0.2 Max | 0.15-0.25 | BAL |
A242.2 | A12422 | 0.35 Max | 0.6 Max | 3.7-4.6 | 0.1 Max | 1.3-1.7 | 0.1 Max | 1.8-2.3 | 0.07-0.20 | 0.15-0.25 | BAL |
295.1 | A02951 | 0.7-1.5 | 0.8 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.35 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.35 Max | - | 0.07-0.20 | - | BAL |
295.2 | A02952 | 0.7-1.2 | 0.8 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.3 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.3 Max | - | 0.25 Max | - | BAL |
296.1 | 2.0-3.0 | 0.9 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.35 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.5 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.2 Max | - | BAL | |
296.2 | 2.0-3.0 | 0.8 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.3 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.3 Max | - | 0.25 Max | - | BAL | |
308.1 | A03081 | 5.6-6.0 | 0.8 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.1 Max | 1.0 Max | - | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
308.2 | A03082 | 5.0-6.0 | 0.8 Max | 4.0-5.0 | 0.3 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.5 Max | - | 0.25 Max | - | BAL |
319.1 | A03191 | 5.5-6.5 | 0.8 Max | 3.0-4.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.1 Max | 1.0 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
319.2 | A03192 | 5.5-6.5 | 0.6 Max | 3.0-4.0 | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.25 Max | - | BAL |
328.1 | A03281 | 7.5-8.5 | 0.8 Max | 1.0-2.0 | 0.2-0.6 Max | 0.25-0.6 | 1.5 Max | 0.25 Max | 0.2 Max | 0.25 Max | BAL |
332.1 | A03321 | 8.5-10.5 | 0.9 Max | 2.0-4.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.6-1.5 | 1.0 Max | 0.5 Max | 0.25 Max | - | BAL |
332.2 | A03322 | 8.5-10.0 | 0.6 Max | 2.0-4.0 | 0.1 Max | 0.9-1.3 | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.25 Max | - | BAL |
333.1 | A03331 | 8.0-10.0 | 0.8 Max | 3.0-4.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.1-0.5 | 1.0 Max | 0.5 Max | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
336.1 | A03361 | 11.0-13.0 | 0.9 Max | 0.5-1.5 | 0.35 Max | 0.8-1.3 | 0.35 Max | 2.0-3.0 | 0.25 Max | - | BAL |
336.2 | A03362 | 11.0-13.0 | 0.9 Max | 0.5-1.5 | 0.1 Max | 0.9-1.3 | 0.1 Max | 2.0-3.0 | - | - | BAL |
354.1 | A03541 | 8.6-9.4 | 0.15 Max | 1.6-2.0 | 0.1 Max | 0.45-0.6 | 0.1 Max | - | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
355.1 | A03551 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.5 Max | 1.0-1.5 | 0.5 Max | 0.45-0.6 | 0.35 Max | - | 0.25 Max | 0.25 Max | BAL |
355.2 | A03552 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.14-0.25 | 1.0-1.5 | 0.05 Max | 0.5-0.6 | 0.05 Max | - | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
C355.2 | A33552 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.13 Max | 1.0-1.5 | 0.05 Max | 0.5-0.6 | 0.05 Max | - | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
356.1 | A03561 | 6.5-7.5 | 0.5 Max | 0.25 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.25-0.45 | 0.35 Max | - | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
356.2 | A03562 | 6.5-7.5 | 0.13-0.25 | 0.1 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.3-0.45 | 0.05 Max | - | 0.25 Max | - | BAL |
357.1 | A03571 | 6.5-7.5 | 0.12 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.03 Max | 0.45-0.6 | 0.05 Max | - | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
A357.2 | A13570 | 6.5-7.5 | 0.12 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.45-0.7 | 0.05 Max | - | 0.04-0.2 | - | BAL |
359.2 | A03592 | 8.5-9.5 | 0.12 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.55-0.7 | 0.1 Max | - | 0.2 Max | - | BAL |
360.2 | A03602 | 9.0-10 | 0.7-1.1 | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.45-0.6 | 0.4 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.15 Max | - | BAL |
A360 | A0360 | 9.0-10 | 1.3 Max | 0.6 Max | 0.35 Max | 0.4-0.6 | 0.5 Max | 0.5 Max | - | - | BAL |
A360.1 | A13601 | 9.0-10 | 1.0 Max | 0.6 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.45-0.6 | 0.4 Max | - | - | - | BAL |
A360.2 | A13602 | 9.0-10 | 0.6 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.05 Max | 0.45-0.6 | 0.05 Max | - | - | - | BAL |
380.2 | A03802 | 7.5-9.5 | 0.7-1.1 | 3.0-4.0 | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | - | BAL |
A380 | A0380 | 7.5-9.5 | 1.3 Max | 3.0-4.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.3 Max | 3.0 Max | 0.5 Max | 0.5 Max | - | BAL |
A380.1 | A13801 | 7.5-9.5 | 1.0 Max | 3.0-4.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.1 Max | 2.9 Max | 0.5 Max | - | - | BAL |
A380.2 | A03602 | 7.5-9.5 | 0.6 Max | 3.0-4.0 | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.1 Max | - | BAL |
A383 | A0383 | 9.5-11.5 | 1.3 Max | 2.0-3.0 | 0.5 Max | 0.1 Max | 0.3 Max | 0.3 Max | - | - | BAL |